Comparative Analysis of Nurse-patient Ratio Mandates for the Hospital Research Paper

Comparative Analysis of Nurse-patient Ratio Mandates for the Hospital Setting - Research Paper Example Legislation has passed in California, and will be presented in other states to mandate a specific ratio of nurses per patient that must be maintained at all times. The goal of this study is to identify a balance between adequate levels of nurse-personnel while maintaining hospital efficiency both in terms of cost, and the time-resources of medical professionals. A Comparative Analysis of Nurse-Patient Ratio Mandates For the Hospital Setting INTRODUCTION The possibility of nursing shortages is a relevant concern for hospitalists, patients, and the general public alike. Years past have produced numerous concerns of under-staffed, overburdened hospitals as a barrier to adequate care. This paper will endeavor to examine the conventional wisdom that more patient responsibility will yield lower quality care from nurses and other healthcare professionals; and the extent to which such a decline in patient outcome can be quantified. But is is true that patients will receive better care, with fewer medical errors under a system of precise nurse-patient ratios? Are nurses doing a better job under such a system? How would such a change extend to doctors and other medical practitioners? Over a dozen states are now considering some form of mandate that will enforce specific ratios of nurses for every patient under the hospital's care, it is worthwhile to examine critically the available research on the balance between caregiver and patient. It is in the interest of everyone to seek the ideal balance between nurse staffing levels and the cost-effective management of the time-resources of medical professionals. CASE STUDY â€Å" Celeste examined the patient's chart; she had to remind herself that Mr. McGillicuddy wasn't just a disease; he was a case of full-blown nephrotic syndrome; based on the protein-cysts found in his urinalysis, plus a chronic case of trigeminal neuralgia on top of that. Oh, and a living. breathing person. But with his age and prognosis, personhood would n't cut much slack with the transplant committees. The experienced Nurse was not optimistic that he would retain his living status much longer; in part because the very lab results that Celeste found so damning took as long as they did to arrive; compounding the bad news they were reporting. On the one hand, in preparation for the new regulations mandating more nurses for every medical center in the county, patients would get more attention from nurses like her; the problem being – a hospital as small as hers had to cut corners somewhere; so they'd hadn't been able to hire that new med-tech they'd been needing for months now. So the doctors were probably lucky to get their results as soon as they did – as late as it seemed to her. But adding more nurses was about to be required by law; not something she could whine about to the head-nurse. She patted Mr. McGillicuddy's hand in reassurance. Well, it would fall to her – and the new blood they were hiring to pick u p the slack; make up for the corners cut...† PROS More nurses equals better care; in order to ensure the best possible patient outcomes during hospitalization, nurse-to-patient ratios must be mandated by law. The correct ratio will lead to happier nurses, and healthier patients. It seems an obvious solution; more nurses certainly can't hurt, More eyes to watch over

US future markets and risk management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

US future markets and risk management - Essay Example The aim of this paper is to examine futures as risk management techniques companies could use to manage their risks. The paper first of all examines the risks companies are prune too before analyzing how the risks can be solved with futures.Today, bankers are increasingly becoming conscious about recent developments in their respective markets and have resorted into various method of managing risk in bank. Risk management appears to have improved in most sub-regions as a result of the introduction of new approaches in conducting business as well as better measurement and pricing of the various risks (BIS Paper No 33, 2005).According to BIS paper No.33, financial markets are subject to various sources of risk: credit, market, liquidity, operational and legal risks. These risks tend to be more pronounced in the developing world than in developed countries due to a lower level of economic, financial and institutional development.Credit risk tends to be more acute as a result of a lack o f highly rated counterparties. Market and liquidity risks are higher due to thinly traded markets. Operational risks may also be exacerbated because of inadequate human resources or the failure of manual, mechanical or electronic systems to process payments. Finally, legal risk may also be part of the environment (for instance, due to the inability to foreclose on collateral). The next section discusses credit risk and some of its components and how it can be managed.The aim of this paper is to examine futures as risk management techniques companies could use to manage their risks. ... dit risk; this is typically the most important form of risk for commercial banks Shapiro, 2003; Buckley, 1996; Muller and Verschoor, 2005; Solt and Wayne, 2001).Solt & Wayne (2001) argues that, in assessing credit risk, an institution needs to consider three issues: default probabilities over the horizon of the obligation, credit exposure (ie how large the obligation is when the default occurs) and the recovery rate (ie what part of the exposure may be recovered through bankruptcy proceedings or some other form of settlement) (Solt and Wayne, 2001). Credit risk is often difficult to assess due to the lack of information on the credit history and financial position of borrowers, inadequate accounting practices and standards that make it difficult to evaluate credit exposures, macroeconomic volatility and deficiencies in the institutional environment (e.g., political instability) (BIS Paper No.33, 2005). Weak enforcement of creditor rights may also contribute to uncertainty regarding recovery rates. Although many of these factors have been improving in recent years, progress in some cases is slow (Mohanty et al., (2006). Moreno (2006) highlights two key issues related to credit risk that are relevant for emerging market economies (EMEs). First, the distinct increase in the share of credit to the household sector that has been observed in a number of countries could lower credit risk if the concentration of bank assets fell, if consumer credit diversifies risk among a larger number of borrowers. 2.0 Risk Management In management of credit risk, I will focus only on the currency risk exposure aspect of credit risk. That is in a situation where credit is offered in multiple denominations of currency. Currency risk or foreign exchange exposure or better still foreign

Synecdohe, New York Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Synecdohe, New York - Movie Review Example The movie is also based on the unique trait of representing a whole story in the part of the movie Plot, Theme and Characterization The movie depicts the life of a theatre director, played by Philip Hoffman who suffers throughout his life in various physical ailments. However his condition deteriorated as her wife departs taking the daughter with her. Throughout the movie Caden depicts the inevitability of death and holds the idea that everyone around him is already dead. It is the philosophies of death that surrounds him thought in the movie. The film uniquely portrays the self-discovery of Caden in the movie. The transition stages of Caden have been vividly described in the movie. The movie describes the four stages of Caden where he identifies the destructiveness and the constructive nature present with him. In other portions of the movie Caden’s consciousness and the urge for his wife and family grows. Caden becomes aware of himself and the archetypal spirit within him. He also undertakes a critical analysis of himself through which he understands his ego and has a complete self realization. At the end of the move his quest for his self discovery ends and realizes the truth associated with his love and life. The self-realization of Caden depicted within the movie can be traced back to the Jungian philosophy which states the four stages of self realization which has been portrayed through Caden’s role in the movie Synecdoche, New York. In order to undergo the process of self-realization Caden decides to make a play based on his own life story. The technique of using the play in the movie was a unique element used for depicting the life story. In the movie Caden is portrayed to be in a myopic state of mind which provides the justification of using the play in order to analyze the series of events which went through his life. In the play composed by Caden, the role of Caden was played by Sammy, whose role was very influential in deciding the outc ome of the play. The role played by Sammy portrayed Caden’s life in the best possible way and at some point it appeared that he overtook the original life of Caden in the movie. The actor in the play also provided suggestion regarding his role play but Caden did not agree with him. Finally in the play, Caden hands over the responsibility of the direction to an actress and he steps into the shoes of the cleaning lady of her wife. Cadens decision to play the role of cleaning lady shows the passion of his love towards her wife. It illustrates Cadens viewpoint that in order to stay close with her wife he was also ready to be the cleaning lady. It also reflects Caden’s state of mind when Adele left him and highlights the desperateness within him to get his wife back in the later stage of his life. Caden also surrendered himself to his daughter and held him to be responsible for her dying condition. The movie reached its peak when Caden describes himself to be homosexual to his daughter and takes the burden of the entire disturbance which was there in his personal life with his wife. In the play another dramatization has been provided to highlight the theme of the movie. One of the characters in the play, Hazel is shown to purchase a house which has been on fire. At the initial stage Hazel was reluctant to purchase the house as she feared that it will be the cause of her death. Ultimately Hazel

Conflicts Identification Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Conflicts Identification - Essay Example The rules and regulations of Roman Catholic Church has made the number of churchgoers dwindle over the years, and has created identity crisis and many other ‘sins’ in the society. There is absolutely no doubt that the children of divorced parents feel alienated in Roman catholic churches because the church teachings and biblical references do not recognise divorce anywhere, whereas the society, popular culture, media, TV and cinema treat divorce as a regular norm in the society. Naturally these conflicting identifications worry the children of divorced parents because religion seems very orthodox and static, while the society, media, people have moved forward. At the same time, in another issue of homosexuality, Roman Catholic churches have remained firmly against it as human abhorrence, whereas the western society has moved on and accepts homosexuality as one of the variations of human desire that need not bring shame like in olden days. So, once again, homosexuals as well as the society wonder about the identities of homosexuals. In a way, religion could be sending the wrong signals as an institution that is rigid, unbending, closed, old and ancient. In addition children of second marriage find themselves in a very difficult quandary, because their parentage is not recognised by the Church. "Contracting a new union, even if it is recognised by Civil Law, adds [to the seriousness of the situation]; the remarried spouce is then in a situation of permanent adultery. If a husband, separated from his wife, approaches another woman, he is an adulterer, because he makes that woman commit adultery also," Cleave (2002, p.17). "A theological metaphor that richly describes the complex experience of children of divorce is the biblical story of the exile. As divorced parents are swept up into rebuilding their lives, their children often feel relegated to the margins". http://www.religion-online.org/showarticle.asptitle=2169 This could create psychological problems, inadequate learning capabilities and lack of focus in children. As they grow up, and come to know that they are unappreciated by the Church, this could either lead to defy the church, which under the circumstances, need not be a bad happening, or they pine for the approval of the church, which will never be found. Returning to the topic of homosexuality, it has remained one of the burning issues in the Church, which has not been moved forward even an inch for almost centuries now. "The official hierarchical teaching of the Roman Catholic church condemns homosexual genital behaviour since its criterion for the moral use of genital sexuality is within a heterosexual marriage" Curran (2001, p.329). Many Catholic moral theologians have called for a change in the Church outlook; but till now no such change has taken place. All this is happening, in spite of the ready knowledge that nearly 50% of the catholic priests in America are homosexual. The problem here is the belief of the church that if there is no procreation, there should never be any physical relationship. If this firm underlying principle had not been there, any kind of physical relationship should be agreeable to the church. This rigidity has created an identity crisis for the homosexuals, who could be harassed, ill-treated, discriminated, and even assaulted and for all these inhuman treatments, Church stands as a silent supporter, when it reiterates: "Every human being is called to receive a gift of divine sonship, to become a child of God by grace. However, to receive this gift, we must reject sin, including homosexual behavior-that is, acts intended to arouse or stimulate a sexual response regarding a person of the same sex. The Catholic Church teaches that such acts are always violations of divine

Accounting Ethics Breach Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Accounting Ethics Breach - Research Paper Example As the essay declares  the Enron scandal was revealed in October 2001, and it resulted in the bankruptcy of Enron Corporation, an energy company based in Huston, Texas, United States. Enron failure became the largest bankruptcy reorganization in the US history at that time, and it was the biggest audit failure. The merging of Huston Natural Gas and InterNorth led to the formation of Enron in 1985. Several years later the company hired Jeffrey Skilling as the president and COO of Enron, and he created special purpose entities through the use of accounting loopholes to hide huge amount of debts from failed projects. Skilling, with the help of Chief Financial Officer Andrew Fastow and other executives misled the firm’s board of directors and audit committee, and continued to follow high risk accounting practices.  This discussion stresses that the company shareholders filed a $40 billion lawsuit against Enron. Subsequently the US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) decla red an investigation. Although Enron’s competitor Dynegy had offered to take over the company at a cheap price, the deal failed. As a result, Enron filed for bankruptcy protection under the Chapter 11 of the United States Bankruptcy Code.  Skilling often verbally attacked individuals who pointed out issues with Enron’s accounting practices. However, those industry analysis reports questioning the high stock prices of Enron made company shareholders doubtful about Enron’s profitability.

Develop a two-page response paper that addresses the following Movie Review

Develop a two-page response paper that addresses the following questions (find in order instructions) about the Klute (1971) by Alan J. Pakula - Movie Review Example The advantages of her staying focus on the idea that by doing so she will be able to prove herself and the entire society that she is a self dependent woman who was able to fight successfully for her place under the sun and live a life in the manner that she wants to. However, one of the greatest disadvantages about staying is that the woman in question found herself in the center of rather dangerous events and if she follows this path, her life might be in great risk. Thus, up to a certain extent she is presented with a choice between life and death. When the main character considers leaving, she also sees several advantages and disadvantages. On the one hand, if she quits she will be under the protection of the police and will no longer be afraid for her life. Keeping in mind that two of her â€Å"colleagues† died, the odds that she will be the next are rather high. On the other hand, there are other some disadvantages of leaving. Thus, if Daniels returns to the conventional life, she might feel that she failed as an independent woman since she was not able to live life on her own. It is my strong belief that the conflict that the main character experiences is resolved as her new life offers an unexpected aspect that she did not take into account: she develops a romantic relationship with the detective Klute who provokes extremely strong feelings that she is partially afraid of. 2. It would not be a mistake to point out that the movie in question challenges the description of gender in the movies as it was put by Laura Mulveys. There are several points that should be noted. First of all, this feminist argues that the potential viewer of the film would be a white male and the main character is depicted in a typical way that white men would find quite attractive (Humm, 1997). In addition to that, Mulveys argues that a strong women’s agency is partially advocated in the cinema of the end of the century and indeed one of the central

Microcontroller in the ((( printer))) Research Paper

Microcontroller in the ((( printer))) - Research Paper Example This research paper will discuss the importance of microcontrollers through discussing its association to the various printers’ mechanisms. Introduction The invention of printer was important to the world especially at a time when there was pressing need to produce hardcopies. This need arose because of the invention of computers which required that an individual obtains a printout of the softcopy. Consequently, this led to the invention of the first printer, called a teletype machine but this were inefficient triggering the invention of dot matrix printers making use of microcontroller (Andrews, 45). Intuitively, it is true to say that microcontrollers saved the world in making the nowadays existing printers, inkjet and LaserJet printers. It is important to analyze of how the microcontroller leads to the efficiency of inkjet considering that this type of printer makes use of ink dots. Just like in other devices, like dishwasher, the microcontroller helps in providing motion t o the ink dots required to reach the paper and yield images. The action of microcontroller in controlling various processes such as electric current, performance and electric current makes it useful within the printers. This is like saying that the use of microcontroller reflects the quality of output from the printers. ... This always involves making use of thermal heat to initiate kinetic energy to the drop allowing it to move to the paper. The following is an image showing the impact of heat on the ink drop: As it is shown in the image, the required squirt of ink to the paper occurs after heating the ink which then starts to move in form of a bubble. However, the bubble bursts when it reaches out in the high pressure zone. This pressure causes the ink to burst causing it to hit the paper. The need for cooling effect sets in, at this point, where there is need for the bubble to collapse. The cooling effect triggers the elements in the bubble to cool thereby causing it to collapse. Consequently, the firing process forms a significant stage in delivering a desirable output from the printer. The whole idea of the heating and cooling relies on the need for operating in shorter and longer loops. In turn, the firing process depends on the presence of the microcontroller, which is an embedded system, allowin g the manufacturers to use it within the system. In this case, the microcontroller helps in controlling the temperature required for heating and cooling. The ability of the microcontroller to regulate the temperature of the system makes through its CPU allows it to be effective in the printer. The Random Access Memory allows the user to initiate the process of heating and cooling as a temporary process (Ibrahim, 26). Since it stores the data temporarily, it allows the whole process to stop once, the power goes off. This allows the printer to initiate the heating and cooling process, once the power is put on, while also stopping the process when the power goes off. The microcontroller allows the printer to work in longer and closer