Saturday, November 2, 2019
Spanish vs. English colonization of America Essay - 1
Spanish vs. English colonization of America - Essay Example Spanish conquest and colonization. There were millions of people living in the Americas when Christopher Columbus arrived in 1492. In the following centuries the population of the Native Americans decreased steadily (Brading 48). The writings of the Dominican friar Bartolomà © de Las Casas vividly depict atrocities committed on the natives by the Spanish conquistadors. â€Å"It was a general rule among Spaniards to be cruel; not just cruel, but extraordinarily cruel so that harsh and bitter treatment would prevent Indians from daring to think of themselves as human beings or hav-ing a minute to think at all.†(Las Casas 70). At the same time, the Spanish rulers in America were unhappy at the high mortality rate of the natives, since they wanted to exploit the Indians laborers. The Spaniards were committed to converting their American subjects to Christianity, often by force. However, as Cook mentions (94), â€Å"American groups simply blended Catholicism with their traditional beliefs, which could not have been regarded as a success†. Nowadays, among many scholars it is believed that epidemic disease was the main cause of the population decline  the figure of 80% is mentioned related to those who may have died due to European diseases, such as chicken-pox and measles (Cook 94, 212).
Thursday, October 31, 2019
Contemporary Issues Portfolio Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words
Contemporary Issues Portfolio - Essay Example Some recently published organisational studies and other market research surveys also justify the promotion of ethics and social responsibility in business. In order for promoting ethics and social responsibility in the organisational environment, today most of the companies perform community based services and publish a corporate sustainability report periodically. These concepts are of greater importance in online business sector too. This paper will analyse the contemporary ethical and social responsibility challenges Facebook is facing and how the organisation is addresses those problems. Managing ethics and social responsibility Business ethics and social responsibility are two broad and interconnected terms which play a significant role in determining the level of reputation of an organisation. The concept of business ethics represents a set of principles and standards that make an organisation’s business conducts acceptable to its different groups of stakeholders. †Å"Business ethics is defined as rules of business conduct by which the rightness/proprietary of the business operations/activities may be assessed or judged†(Prasad 2005, p.426). ... In a business context, stakeholder groups including customers, government, competitors, general public, and other interest groups determine the acceptability of behaviour. The collapse of Enron, one of the biggest ethical disasters in the 21st century, is a good example of how unethical business practices may affect an organisation (Trevino & Nelson 2010, p.3). Ken Lay and Jeff Skilling, the former CEO’s of Enron, intentionally tried to deceive the firm’s stakeholders by hiding the actual state of financial affairs of the company. Evidently, it is necessary to promote and manage business ethics in an organisational environment. For this purpose, primarily the management should foster ethical behaviour among its employees. Setting business goals and periodical performance appraisal are effective strategies to manage business ethics successfully. Another important thing is that the organisation has to develop well defined codes of business ethics and decision rules. In th e area of online business, managing business ethics is becoming a complex task because internet based illegal and unethical practices like password theft are increasing each day. Therefore, online marketers have to give specific focus to the promotion of business ethics. Social responsibility is an ethical ideology that obliges business organisations to make notable contributions to the overall welfare of the society rather than focusing only on profit maximisation efforts. â€Å"Social responsibility is a management philosophy that includes contributing resources to the community, preserving the natural environment, and developing or participating in non-profit programmes designed to promote the
Tuesday, October 29, 2019
Venue and Destination Management Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words
Venue and Destination Management - Coursework Example This paper will try to analyse in depth the marketing plan and marketing communication techniques of a destination marketing organisation (DMO) focused on the conference / convention market – specifically – the Louisville Marketing Plan 2011-12. Destination marketing is a strategic approach towards building or continuing brand awareness of a certain locality to increase visitor traffic. It is focused on the visitor as it employs economic and cultural approaches to balance expectations of visitors with their experience from service providers and the community. Thus, it involves strengthening the capacity of a community or a locality / region in order to meet marketplace supply and demand, benefit on opportunities, as well as sustain vitality (Martin, 2002). e. Unique or boutique destination which may be a typical and local destination with a special appeal such as â€Å"best known†(DMAI, 2012) for something locally produced – like cuisine, fashion, furniture, jewelleries, amongst others. The destination marketing organisation (DMO) is therefore tasked at promoting a town, a city, region, or country with the aim to increase visitors. It engages in coordinated effort on promotion and development of convention sales, tourism marketing and services in the area (Clark, 2006; Ford and Peeper, 2008). Aside from the DMO, the components that contribute to the performance and output of destination marketing efforts are local and private sector actors, regional, national and international actors. From the local actors are the public sector, political leaders and managers, urban planners, business developers, tourist/public information bureaus, and managers of infrastructure that includes education, health, transportation and sanitation. Under the private sector group are businesses, real estate developers, financial institutions, gas and
Sunday, October 27, 2019
Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM)
Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) Robert Konstandelos Operation A sample is made to oscillate using a vibrational unit extended on a rod. The sample is placed between two electromagnetic pieces which are used as the applied field for this this experiment. With the sample oscillating induces a voltage between the search coils which creates a signal to determine the magnetic properties of the sample. Reference coils are used to create a reference signal such that noise generated from the signal can be filtered using a lock-in amplifier [1]. Because the signal and the reference signal are directly related through its voltage and amplitude means that precise measurements can be recorded using a voltmeter. Calibration methods are important to determine the relation between the voltages induced by the magnetic field and the sample and their magnetic properties. Calibrating the applied field is done by increasing the voltage in steps measuring the field until reaching a maximum. The system is calibrated using a nickel standard normally as a number of vo lts per unit of magnetic moment. Many materials such as types of barium ferrite or alnico materials can be placed inside to determine properties. These properties include remanence, coercivity, intrinsic coercivity and operating points once the system has been calibrated. Advantages and Disadvantages in terms of experimental facets The key advantage is the precision and accuracy of VSMs. Taking measurements at a range of angles once detection arrangements for the coils have been devised can be done. The advantage of sample vibration perpendicularly to the applied field can be found once the detection coils have been arranged appropriately. This means that there is the ability to test the sample at different angles. The positioning of the coils are done in a way to reduce the effects of sample position variation and external field variation- essentially deep into the applied field shown in figure 1. Disadvantages are that they are not well suited for determining the magnetisation loop or the hysteresis curve due to the demagnetising effects of the sample. Another problem is that, particularly for the VSM used in the third year laboratory is that temperature dependence cannot be controlled. Figure 1. A schematic layout of the VSM 2. B-H Hysteresis Loop Tracer Operation The B-H hysteresis loop tracer is essentially two coils, one with a sample and the other which is empty for comparison. The insertion of a sample into the pickup coils causes a voltage proportional to the rate of change of the vector field to occur across the difference amplifier. After passing through an integrator, a voltage proportional to the intrinsic induction is passed to the Y-amp of the oscilloscope. This voltage combined with an X-voltage representing the magnetising field generated from the solenoid without the sample results in the generation of a hysteresis loop on the oscilloscope. Calibration is through a balance and phase adjustment to establish a trace on the oscilloscope. They are done to make sure that the magnetising field is linear and that every vector corresponds to the applied field. Measurements for the magnetic properties can then be made. Advantages and disadvantages in terms of experimental facets The coils have the ability to heat the sample such that temperature variance can be observed in the way that the material behaves when influenced by a magnetic field. On the other hand, this could cause overheating of the system which could result in a failure. Using a BH-looper can give the user a more improved visualisation compared to a VSM of the way a material behaves. The values plotted on the scope are only proportional to the absolute values, therefore display yields qualitative not quantitative information about a material magnetic properties. The precision is generally low compared to a VSM. Because a hysteresis loop is viewed using an oscilloscope means that observations of whether the material is a soft or hard magnetic material. And this is why it is used in quality control testing industries like the control of ferromagnetic oxides in a magnetic tape factory. Figure 2. A schematic layout of a BH loop tracer [2]. 3(I) Difference between concepts of Vector Field B, Magnetisation M and the magnetising field H The vector field B represents the magnetic induction. Magnetisation M is the magnetic moment per unit volume of a solid. Magnetising H field is the magnetic field strength. These three quantities are related by the equation. With ÃŽ ¼0 being the permittivity of free space. To show the difference between these quantities, hysteresis loops for a magnetic material shown in figure 4 are used. One of the key differences shown is that the magnetisation saturates whereas the B field increases at a constant rate for certain values for H. The magnetisation is generated by the spin and the orbital angular momentum of electrons in the solid. H is generated outside the material by electrical currents[3]. Therefore, from the equation above, the B field is the combination of H and M which shows the difference between the quantities with the inclusion of the permittivity of free space. A way to show the difference between the 3 parameters is through the representation of a bar magnet in a magnetic field shown in figure 3. Unfortunately, due to the age of the diagram, the labels are a bit old. Hence the ‘True’ field denotes the vector field B and the Applied field represents the magnetisation M. However, the arrows represent the direction and strength of each parameter. It is clear from figure 3 that the Magnetisation is much stronger than the demagnetising field. Figure 3 An example of a magnet being demagnetised in an applied field From figure 4, the two sketches representing of B and M against H can give an understanding of other magnetic properties of the material. The curve on the left can show the saturation of the magnetic material as well as the remanence Mr the remaining magnetisation after the applied field has been turned off. The right hand diagram can show the remanent induction Br and the saturation point of the applied field. In terms of the difference between the parameters, M, B and H, they yield different properties of the material in question. Figure 4 Hysteresis loops showing (a) M and (b) B field against H 3(II) The difference between the susceptibility and relative permeability The relative permeability ÃŽ ¼r and susceptibility Ç are very closely related as shown by the equation below: The relative permeability represents a characterisation of magnetic materials. Paramagnetic or diamagnetic materials have permeabilities close to the permeability of free space. However for ferromagnetic materials, the permeability is large in comparison. It represents a multiplication factor. For example, the use of an iron core with a relative permeability is 200 times greater than just an air coil used. So this is a measure of the actual magnetic field within a ferromagnetic material. Susceptibility is a measure to an extent to which a material may be magnetised in a magnetic field. It represents a ratio of how much a material is magnetised compared to the applied field on that material [4]. So the susceptibility specifies how much the relative permeability differs from one as shown in the equation above. References [1] Foner S 1959 Versatile and Sensitive Vibrating-Sample Magnetometer* Rev. Sci. Instrum. 30 548–57 [2] Howling D H 1956 Simple 60-cps Hysteresis Loop Tracer for Magnetic Materials of High or Low Permeability Rev. Sci. Instrum. 27 952 [3] Jiles D 1990 Introduction to Magnetism and Magnetic Materials (Chapman and Hall) [4] Magnetic Susceptibilty http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/357313/magnetic-susceptibility
Friday, October 25, 2019
Freezing Point Of Naphthalene :: essays research papers
Freezing Point of Naphthalene I.     Purpose      To determine the freezing point of a known substance, naphthalene II.     Materials      ringstand                    gas source      test tube                    test tube clamps thermometer naphthalene Bunsen burner goggles      hose                         stopwatch III.     Procedure      1.     Assemble the Bunsen burner, attaching one end of the hose to the burner and the           other to a gas source.      2.     Assemble the ring stand so that a ring clamp is attached to the stand holding the           test tube that will be used in the experiment.      3.     Fill the test tube to approximately 1/8 capacity with naphthalene crystals.      4.      Place the thermometer in the crystals so that it is surrounded by the naphthalene           powder but not touching the sides or bottom of the test tube. Use a clamp to hold           the thermometer in place.      5.      Ignite the Bunsen burner and using direct heat melt the naphthalene powder until           it completely turns to a liquid. When the temperature reaches approximately 90o           Celsius, stop heating.      6.     Observe the change in temperature from 90o to 70o Celsius, recording the           temperature at regular intervals, preferably 15 seconds. This data will be used to           make a chart later.      7.     Once the temperature has fallen to 70o, melt the naphthalene which is now           frozen      to remove the thermometer. Properly dispose of the naphthalene liquid as           instructed by the teacher. IV.     Data      Time Elapsed          Temperature of Naphthalene          Time      Temperature      Initial (0:00)          100oC                         7:00      78.5oC      0:30               97.5oC                         7:15      78.3oC      1:00               93.0oC                         7:30      78.3oC      1:30               89.5oC                         7:45      79.0oC      2:00               86.1oC                         8:00      79.0oC      2:30               84.6oC                         8:15      79.0oC      2:45               82.3oC                         8:30      79.0oC      3:00               81.2oC                         8:45      79.0oC      3:15               81.0oC                         9:00      79.0oC      3:30               80.5oC                         9:15      78.5oC      3:45               80.2oC                         9:30      78.1oC      4:00               80.0oC                         9:45      78.0oC      4:15               79.9oC                         10:00      78.0oC      4:30               79.8oC                         10:15      77.5oC      4:45               79.4oC                         10:30      77.0oC      5:00               79.1oC                         10:45      76.5oC      5:15               79.1oC                         11:00      76.0oC      5:30               79.0oC                         11:15      75.2oC      5:45               78.9oC                         11:30      73.8oC      6:00               78.8oC                         11:45      73.0oC      6:25               78.8oC                         12:00      72.1oC      6:30               78.7oC                         12:15      71.1oC      6:45               78.6oC                         12:30      70.3oC V.     Graph      (See following pages) VI.     Calculations      Using 80.1 oC as the theoretical value for the freezing point of naphthalene, we can now      determine percent error.      Percent Error = ((Theoretical - Experimental) / Theoretical) x 100      Percent Error = ((80.1 oC - 79.0 oC) / 80.1oC) x 100      Percent Error = 1.4% VII.     Conclusions      In this lab, we heated the known substance naphthalene in a test tube to approximately 100oC and observed its temperature while it cooled to approximately 70oC. Over a time period of 12 minutes and 30 seconds, we recorded the temperature at regular 15 second intervals, and, with this data, constructed a chart showing the general curve. Upon inspection of the graph and our data chart, we found the experimental freezing point of naphthalene to be around 79oC.
Thursday, October 24, 2019
Compare and Contrast Essay
When comparing and contrasting the poem â€Å"What It’s Like to Be a Black Girl†by Patricia Smith with the short story â€Å"Country Lovers†By Nadine Gordimer. The character in â€Å"What It’s Like to Be a Black Girl†is based more upon recent time while â€Å"Country Lovers†is based in a older time frame. However, both stories are uniquely about wanting to be loved. The poem and the short story are both great examples of the difficulty of life between two different ethnic backgrounds. While one concentrates more on tragedy the other is faced more with acceptance that leads to tragedy. Love although can’t be explained, has many explanations to how one can love. Whether your love goes as deep as loving through tragic times or looking for someone to love you at all times. Both of these stories focus on issues of racism, inner struggles, slavery, prejudice, and the pursuit of freedom as well as equality. At the end, everyone wants and needs to be accepted and will do whatever it takes. The poem â€Å"What It’s Like to Be a Black Girl†details the struggles of what African American women go through just to be noticed. The poem breaks down how it is okay to be â€Å"Black†yet look â€Å"White†because that’s the look men want. In the poem the character addresses the issues about how African American women would spend countless hours in changing their appearance just to be accepted and loved by thee. â€Å"First of all, it’s being 9 years old and feeling like you’re not finished, like your edges are wild, like there’s something, everything, wrong,†(Clugston. 2010). She goes in further detail describing how she hides her natural look because she accepted that her natural look isn’t what society has pinned as natural or beautiful. So she adds blonde hair to her head and changes her eye color to look more like a â€Å"Marilyn Monroe†. â€Å"It’s popping a bleached white mophead over the kinks of your hair and primping in front of mirrors that deny your reflection. †(Clugston. 2010). From any other perspective the struggles of African Americans may not be fully understood. In the poem â€Å"What It’s Like to Be a Black Girl†she explains within a couple sentences the struggles of not being accepted in your own skin. It’s as if she has accepted what she must do in order to be noticed or to be loved. All she wants is to be loved by a great man no matter the ethnicity however she believes she must change her appearance in order to be noticed by such man. â€Å"It’s finally having a man reach out for you then caving in around his fingers†(Clugston. 2010). In comparison â€Å"Country Lovers†tells a story of a young white boy who befriends the daughter of a black help on his parents farm. The two become close friends as their likes for each other develop and bring tragedy. The boy had a reputation of flaunting and flirting however the young girl felt she was different from the rest of the girls. Nadine Gordimer writes, â€Å"When he had even met one who, at a wedding he had attended with his parents on a nearby farm, had let him do with her in a locked storeroom what people did when they made loveâ€â€when he was as far from his childhood as all this, he still brought home from a shop in town a red plastic belt and gilt hoop ear–rings for the black girl, Thebedi†(Clugston. 2010). Sadly the young girl never realized the gifts were not from love but just another gift to keep quite. As time past the boy grew older and never noticed what he was doing to the young girls heart. Gordimer writes, â€Å"The trouble was Paulus Eysendyck did not seem to realize that Thebedi was now simply one of the crowd of farm children down at the kraal, recognizable in his sister’s old clothes†(Clugston. 2010). This would play a huge part in what brought the tragic ending to the story. Thebedi ended up finding another young man, Njabulo whom she would marry. Njabulo was the child of farmer as well however he was black. He was much like her father which made it easier for the father to accept their marriage. Typically the son in law would have something to offer the family in trade for the daughter however this young man had nothing to show. Her father liked this young man so much to the point he accepted the marriage even without a trade off. â€Å"Njabulo’s parents met with hers and the money he was to pay in place of the cows it is customary to give a prospective bride’s parents was settled upon. He had no cows to offer; he was a labourer on the Eysendyck farm, like her father†(Clugston. 2010). Love although can’t be explained, has many explanations to how one can love. Whether your love goes as deep as loving through tragic times or looking for someone to love you at all times. Both of these stories focus on issues of racism, inner struggles, slavery, prejudice, and the pursuit of freedom as well as equality. At the end, everyone wants and needs to be accepted and will do whatever it takes.
Wednesday, October 23, 2019
Paragraphs Essay
Paragraph 1 A good introductory paragraph. This summarizes the next couple of paragraphs and also has a certain intriguing appeal – it arouses the reader’s curiosity and impels him to read further. The first sentence, however, could easily have been dropped – the second sentence would make a more compelling introduction to the essay. Paragraph 2 Here the writer develops on the thread of diversity. Note that there is an emphasis on aspects that are important to an MBA course (strong analytical skills, math skills, work experience). The writer shows effectively that she has not been ‘wasting her time’ – besides earning a degree, she has earned valuable work experience and done something for the environment. Volunteer work is a strong advantage while applying to an MBA course – universities love people with a social conscience! (To a lesser degree, this is true if you’re applying to other graduate courses as well, as long as you show that your primary interest, now and in the future, is in the field you are applying to). At the same time, it is important that this experience appears genuine – so before making tall claims, make sure that you can substantiate them, preferably by actually doing some volunteer / social work. The last sentence ties the paragraph together. The argu ment ‘my experiences have shaped me’ is invaluable IF you have strong or unusual life experiences and in some cases can also partially compensate for an average or below-average academic record. Paragraph 3 We come to a shift in focus with this paragraph. The writer wraps up the ‘diversity’ thread well. Saying that she has a diversity of experience to offer, ‘among other things’, is a good idea – it implies that there is much more to her, qualities and assets that could not be described here because of space limitations It might have been a better idea to begin the next topic – ‘most important achievement’ in a new paragraph. The abrupt change of subject has a slightly disconcerting effect here. Paragraph 4 While this paragraph is ostensibly an introduction to the problem handled by the writer, it also makes two points, subtly – 1) she had been working in the family firm on a continuous basis and kept her eyes open to spot an area of improvement, 2) she is familiar with popular software packages and very comfortable with a PC. Paragraph 5 The first sentence risks sounding slightly pompous, but the writer’s earnestness comes through after reading the paragraph as a whole. Paragraph 6 Comes across as systematic, organized and thorough. Good qualities for any graduate applicant. Paragraph 7 This paragraph shows considerable maturity and learning from the event. A problem is not solved when you have a solution for it – implementing the solution is usually the biggest hurdle. Also, she realizes that company-wide changes rarely yield instant results, and must be followed up over a period of time to evaluate their effects. The last two sentences show that this project also had an effect on the company management’s thinking. Paragraph 8 Reflective paragraph on what she has gained from the project. She certainly seems to have been the driving force behind the project and it’s an impressive achievement. It might have been a good idea, though, to put in a line or two about how she learned to co-ordinate between various entities to get her job done. Good ending paragraph. Summary This is a mature, well-written application essay. Some of the ideas here are gold mines for other essays – describing how she founding and helping run FOE could be a whole essay by itself, and can be used to show how she used leadership and team skills (see Essay 5 – coming soon). Her experience in assisting in the implementation of an ERP system can also be used as an example of team skills and project management skills. MBA applicants have to write a number of essays for each school. It helps to have a bank of experiences to draw on. Writing a series of essays also means that you can afford to have a limited scope for each essay, and go a little deeper. We do feel, however, that this essay was a tad too limited on the ‘candid description’ of the writer. Diversity of experiences is an excellent point to make, but one more paragraph on other aspects of the writer’s personality would have strengthened the essay. Each application essay should answer the question asked in full. Note, however, that this writer says nothing about any liabilities that might influence graduate work. We have a tricky issue here – must you mention some liabilities just because the question asks for them? Here the writer chooses to ignore them and concentrates on qualities that will be an asset for graduate work. It might have paid off in this case because the essay basically asks, ‘How well are you suited for graduate work’. In an essay question of the type, ‘Discuss your strengths and weaknesses’ such a strategy would not work. Nevertheless, it’s a tough choice to make
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